A vast body of research demonstrates that many ecological and evolutionary processes can
only be understood from a tri‐trophic viewpoint, that is, one that moves beyond the pairwise …

Functional ecology is the branch of ecology that focuses on various functions that species
play in the community or ecosystem in which they occur. This accessible guide offers the …

1. One of the main challenges faced by ecologists today is to understand and predict how
species interactions will respond to the current environmental change. It is likely that these …

Evolutionary radiation is a widely recognized mode of species diversification, but its
underlying mechanisms have not been unambiguously resolved for species-rich …

A central tenet of plant defense theory is that adaptation to the abiotic environment sets the
template for defense strategies, imposing a trade-off between plant growth and defense. Yet …

More than five decades ago, Ehrlich and Raven proposed a revolutionary idea–that the
evolution of novel plant defense could spur adaptive radiation in plants. Despite motivating …

Antibacterial activity is a common and highly studied property of plant secondary
metabolites. Despite the extensive literature focusing on identifying novel antibacterial …

Release from enemies can lead to rapid evolution in invasive plants, including reduced
metabolic investment in defence. Conversely, reassociation with enemies leads to renewed …

Plant diversity varies immensely over large-scale gradients in temperature, precipitation,
and seasonality at global and regional scales. This relationship may be driven in part by …

Plants produce an astonishing diversity of specialized metabolites as defences against
herbivores, pathogens or detrimental abiotic conditions. Plants growing at different …