Long-term memory formation is a major function of sleep. Based on evidence from
neurophysiological and behavioral studies mainly in humans and rodents, we consider the …

Episodic memory reflects the ability to recollect the temporal and spatial context of past
experiences. Episodic memories depend on the hippocampus but have been proposed to …

Sharp wave ripples (SPW‐Rs) represent the most synchronous population pattern in the
mammalian brain. Their excitatory output affects a wide area of the cortex and several …

We update complementary learning systems (CLS) theory, which holds that intelligent
agents must possess two learning systems, instantiated in mammalians in neocortex and …

Replay is the reactivation of one or more neural patterns that are similar to the activation
patterns experienced during past waking experiences. Replay was first observed in …

Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the
retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of “sleep and …

Recent studies on the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex have considerably advanced
our understanding of the distinct roles of these brain areas in the encoding and retrieval of …

Sleep is implicated in cognitive functioning in young adults. With increasing age, there are
substantial changes to sleep quantity and quality, including changes to slow-wave sleep …

Since Freud, clinicians have understood that disturbing memories contribute to
psychopathology and that new emotional experiences contribute to therapeutic change. Yet …

Every day we make decisions critical for adaptation and survival. We repeat actions with
known consequences. But we also draw on loosely related events to infer and imagine the …