The root cause of the most common and serious of the sleep disorders is impairment of
breathing, and a number of factors predispose a particular individual to hypoventilation …

Neural control of tongue muscles plays a crucial role in a broad range of oropharyngeal
behaviors. Tongue movements must be rapidly and accurately adjusted in response to the …

Opioids can modulate breathing and predispose to respiratory depression by actions at
various central nervous system sites, but the mechanisms operating at respiratory motor …

Rationale: Exogenous serotonin at the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN) stimulates
genioglossus (GG) muscle activity. However, whether endogenous serotonin contributes to …

The dorsolateral pons around the parabrachial nucleus including the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus
is closely linked with the medullary respiratory center and plays an important role in …

This review aims at summarizing the work performed over 40 years by Professor Armand
Bianchi and the research team he directed, which was devoted to the study of the central …

Hypoglossal motoneurons are influenced by a variety of neuromodulators, some of which
change dynamically across sleep–wake states to alter motoneuron excitability and …

Abstract Changes in head position and posture are detected by the vestibular system and
are normally followed by rapid modifications in blood pressure. These compensatory …

The pontine Kölliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) has established functions in the regulation of
inspiratory–expiratory phase transition and the regulation of upper airway patency via …

The various neural mechanisms affecting the control of the upper airway muscles are
discussed in this review, with particular emphasis on structure‐function relationships and …