Of all the electrolytes, the serum potassium is probably the most tested for, titrated, and
treated. A potassium disorder is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized …

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare, salt-losing tubulopathy characterized by hypokalemic
metabolic alkalosis with hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. The disease is recessively …

Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in
potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal …

Many situations in clinical practice involving patients with hypovolemia or acutely ill patients
usually require the administration of intravenous fluids. Current evidence shows that the use …

Hypokalemia is caused by decreased intake, renal losses, gastrointestinal losses, or
transcellular shifts. Diuretics are among the most common causes of hypokalemia …

Background. The objective was to study the epidemiology of hypokalaemia [serum
potassium concentration (SK)< 3.5 mmol/l] in a general hospital population, specifically …

Electrolyte and fluid imbalances are disorders frequently observed in critical care patients. In
many instances patients are asymptomatic, but they may also present with neurological …

Hypokalaemia is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. In this review, we
emphasize the importance of tight potassium regulation in patients with cardiovascular …

Background Intravenous potassium chloride (IV KCl) solutions are widely used in hospitals
for treatment of hypokalemia. As ampoules of concentrated KCL must be diluted before use …

Sodium (Na+) is the principal osmole in extracellular fluid; as such, the total body content of
Na+ and Cl-, its primary anion, determine the extracellular fluid volume. Renal excretion or …