Highlights•Microbial consortia are tools to break down recalcitrant carbon sources.•Several
carbohydrate active enzymes are known to hydrolyze biomass.•Emerging techniques are …

Directed evolution is a form of artificial selection that has been used for decades to find
biomolecules and organisms with new or enhanced functional traits. Directed evolution can …

The herbivore digestive tract is home to a complex community of anaerobic microbes that
work together to break down lignocellulose. These microbiota are an untapped resource of …

The underlying mechanism associated with the roles of dosed carbon source in
denitrification performance remains largely unknown. In this study, three denitrifying …

Temperature plays a critical role in the performance of microbial communities during
traditional solid-state fermentation. However, it remains unknown how temperature shapes …

Directed evolution has been used for decades to engineer biological systems at or below
the organismal level. Above the organismal level, a small number of studies have attempted …

Anaerobic fungi (AF) play an essential role in feed conversion due to their potent fiber
degrading enzymes and invasive growth. Much has been learned about this unusual fungal …

Highlights•Analysis and designing of microbiomes have become a new paradigm in
microbiology.•Understanding and rational engineering of microbiomes require model-based …

In synthetic biology, engineering principles are applied to system design. The development
of synthetic microbial consortia represents the intersection of synthetic biology and …

Lignocellulose is a promising feedstock for biofuel production as a renewable, carbohydrate-
rich and globally abundant source of biomass. However, challenges faced include …