Dental, oral, and maxillofacial diseases are some of the most common problems in small
animal veterinary practice. These conditions create significant pain as well as localized and …

Simple Summary Dexmedetomidine, on account of its potent sedative and analgesic
properties, is commonly used in balanced anesthesia of small animal anesthesia; however …

Objective To evaluate the postoperative analgesic effects of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of
either fentanyl (FENT), lidocaine (LIDO), ketamine (KET), dexmedetomidine (DEX), or the …

Gabapentin is a structural analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gammaaminobutyric
acid (GABA); however, it has little activity at the GABA receptors. Instead, it is thought that …

Background Opioids are widely used for perioperative pain control in dogs undergoing
spinal surgery, but alternatives may be required because data suggest that opioids …

Abstract Objective To compare a Parasympathetic Tone Activity (PTA) monitor with
cardiovascular changes in invasive mean arterial pressure (IMAP) and heart rate (HR) when …

Background Multimodal analgesia consists of the combination of analgesic drugs at low
doses to act in different places along the path of pain. Studies with continuous infusion of …

the aim of this study was to determine the effects of lidocaine (LIDO) and dexmedetomidine
(DEX) or their combination (LIDO–DEX), administered by constant-rate infusion (CRI), on the …

Objective To determine the intubation dose and select physiologic effects of alfaxalone
alone or in combination with midazolam or ketamine in dogs. Study design Prospective …

Objective To characterize the isoflurane-sparing effects of a high and a low dose of fentanyl
in dogs, and its effects on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Study design …