Bile acids are soluble derivatives of cholesterol produced in the liver that subsequently
undergo bacterial transformation yielding a diverse array of metabolites. The bulk of bile …

The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of
25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1, 25 (OH) 2D, the ligand for the …

Bile acids are a group of chemically different steroids generated at the host/microbial
interface. Indeed, while primary bile acids are the end-product of cholesterol breakdown in …

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem worldwide. Vitamin D
deficiency confers a significant risk for both skeletal and non-skeletal disorders and a …

Vitamin D shows a variety of pleiotropic activities which cannot be fully explained by the
stimulation of classic pathway-and vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent transcriptional …

The genomic actions of the vitamin D are mediated via its biologically most potent metabolite
1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25 (OH) 2D3) and the transcription factor vitamin D receptor …

Epidemiological studies suggest that higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with
lower risk for several cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers. To …

Vitamin D (VD) is a fat-soluble prohormone well known for its role in regulating calcium and
phosphate metabolism. It has been clinically used for many years to prevent rickets in …

Background Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that exerts its actions through ligation of the
vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor family. VDR has not …

Electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared ranges produces biologic
effects in humans. Where some of these effects are beneficial, others are harmful to the skin …