The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged
foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried …

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused
by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver
disease worldwide and is strongly associated with the presence of oxidative stress …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, the
hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the cause-effect relationship remains …

Insulin resistance is a metabolic disorder affecting multiple tissues and is a precursor event
to type 2 diabetes (T2D). As T2D affects over 425 million people globally, there is an …

Obesity leads to various changes in the body. Among them, the existing inflammatory
process may lead to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and …

The microbiota plays a fundamental role in regulating host immunity. However, the
processes involved in the initiation and regulation of immunity to the microbiota remain …

Mitochondrial architecture is involved in several functions crucial for cell viability,
proliferation, senescence, and signaling. In particular, mitochondrial dynamics, through the …

Ectopic lipid deposition and altered mitochondrial dynamics contribute to the development of
obesity and insulin resistance. However, the mechanistic link between these processes …

Fatty liver, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathophysiological
features of insulin resistance and obesity. Butyrate, produced by fermentation in the large …