The appearance of heme, an organic ring surrounding an iron atom, in evolution forever
changed the efficiency with which organisms were able to generate energy, utilize gasses …

There is now abundant evidence that vaccination with defined protein antigens is able to
induce significant immunity to tick infestation. In a limited number of cases, this immunity has …

The cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the most harmful parasites
affecting bovines. Similarly to other hematophagous ectoparasites, R. microplus saliva …

Ticks are second to mosquitoes as vectors of disease. Ticks affect livestock industries in
Asia, Africa and Australia at~ 1.13billionUSDperannum.Forinstance,80%oftheglobalcattlepopulationisatriskofinfestati …

Haem and iron homeostasis in most eukaryotic cells is based on a balanced flux between
haem biosynthesis and haem oxygenase-mediated degradation. Unlike most eukaryotes …

Ticks are obligate blood feeding ectoparasites that transmit a wide variety of pathogenic
microorganisms to their vertebrate hosts. Amblyomma sculptum is vector of Rickettsia …

Background Haemaphysalis longicornis is a major vector of Theileria spp., Anaplasma
phagocytophilum, Babesia spp. and Coxiella burnetti in East Asian countries. All life stages …

The hard tick Boophilus microplus ingests large volumes of cattle blood, as much as 100
times its own mass before feeding. Huge amounts of haem are produced during …

Simple Summary Ticks affect the health of humans and animals. In tropical African countries,
cattle are threatened by ticks and the diseases they transmit, making necessary a tick control …

Heme and iron are essential molecules for many physiological processes and yet have the
ability to cause oxidative damage such as lipid peroxidation, protein degradation, and …