Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Multiple lines of evidence support the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric
illness. While systemic autoimmune diseases are well-documented causes of …

Gut microbiota have crucial effects on brain function via the gut–brain axis. Growing
evidence suggests that this interaction is mediated by signaling molecules derived from …

Reactive astrocytes are associated with neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in diverse
neuropathologies; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used optogenetic …

Although neurons attract the most attention in neurobiology, our current knowledge of neural
circuit can only partially explain the neurological and psychiatric conditions of the brain …

The emergence of astroglia as an important participant of the synaptic machinery has led to
the 'tripartite synapse'hypothesis. Recent findings suggest that synaptic signaling also …

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the leading causes of intellectual disability, and patients with
DS face various health issues, including learning and memory deficits, congenital heart …

In the finely balanced environment of the central nervous system astrocytes, the most
numerous cell type, play a role in regulating almost every physiological system. First found …

Owing to methodological shortcomings and a certain conservatism that consolidates wrong
assumptions in the literature, some dogmas have become established and reproduced in …

Astrocytes are now viewed as key elements of brain wiring as well as neuronal
communication. Indeed, they not only bridge the gap between metabolic supplies by blood …