Artificial cells are constructed to imitate natural cells and allow researchers to explore
biological process and the origin of life. The construction methods for artificial cells, through …

Bottom‐up synthetic biology is the science of building systems that mimic the structure and
function of living cells from scratch. To do this, researchers combine tools from chemistry …

Liquid phase separation into two or more coexisting phases has emerged as a new
paradigm for understanding subcellular organization, prebiotic life, and the origins of …

As the basic unit of life, cells are compartmentalized microreactors with molecularly crowded
microenvironments. The quest to understand the cell origin inspires the design of synthetic …

Intracellular ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are membrane‐less droplet organelles that
are thought to regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. While liquid–liquid phase …

Liquid–liquid phase separation of disordered proteins has emerged as a ubiquitous route to
membraneless compartments in living cells, and similar coacervates may have played a role …

Liquid-liquid phase separation yields spherical droplets that eventually coarsen to one
large, stable droplet governed by the principle of minimal free energy. In chemically fueled …

Although the complexity of synthetic cells has continued to increase in recent years,
chemical communication between protocell models and living organisms remains a key …

The design of compartmentalized colloids that exhibit biomimetic properties is providing
model systems for developing synthetic cell-like entities (protocells). Inspired by the cell …

Progress in development of biophysical analytic approaches has recently crossed paths with
macromolecule condensates in cells. These cell condensates, typically termed liquid-like …