Nowadays, orthodontic treatment has become increasingly popular. However, the biological
mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have not been fully elucidated. We were …

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathogenic bacteria,
which eventually leads to bone tissue (alveolar bone) destruction as inflammation persists …

The pathogenesis of periodontitis involves a complex immune/inflammatory cascade that is
initiated by the bacteria of the oral biofilm that forms naturally on the teeth. The susceptibility …

Periodontal diseases (PD) are chronic infectious inflammatory diseases characterized by the
destruction of tooth-supporting structures, being the presence of periodontopathogens …

Introduction Protective and destructive immunoreactions take place simultaneously in apical
periodontitis. However, the same reactions defending the periapical area from infection …

Previous studies have implicated that hypoxic stress could enhance osteoclast
differentiation; however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Autophagy …

During the last decade it has become clear that periodontal ligament fibroblasts may
contribute to the in vitro differentiation of osteoclasts. We surveyed the current findings …

Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound, is derived from the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga L.,
which is used in traditional medicine in Asia. Autophagy has pleiotropic functions that are …

Periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are both chronic inflammatory
diseases. Their pathogenesis is mediated by a complex interplay between a dysbiotic …

Whether glucocorticoids directly enhance or interrupt osteoclastogenesis is still a
controversial subject. In this study, we ascertained the dose-dependent positive effects of …