Abstract Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS) is exquisitely adapted to
the human host, resulting in asymptomatic infection, pharyngitis, pyoderma, scarlet fever or …

Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all living cells. In infectious diseases, both
invading pathogens and mammalian cells including those of the immune system require iron …

The pathobiont Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) induces nonprotective antibody imprints that
underlie ineffective staphylococcal vaccination. However, the mechanism by which Sa …

The oral microbiota contains billions of microbial cells, which could contribute to diseases in
many body sites. Challenged by eating, drinking, and dental hygiene on a daily basis, the …

Optimal activation of NF-κB signaling is crucial for the initiation of inflammatory responses
and eliminating invading bacteria. Bacteria have likewise evolved the ability to evade …

Autophagy and apoptosis are two recognized mechanisms of resistance to bacterial
invasion. However, bacteria have likewise evolved the ability to evade immunity. In this …

Marine mammals are sentinels for the marine ecosystem and threatened by numerous
factors including infectious diseases. One of the most frequently isolated bacteria are beta …

Metals have been used in medicine since ancient times for the treatment of different ailments
with various elements such as iron, gold and arsenic. Metal complexes have also been …

Group A Streptococcus is an obligate human pathogen that is a major cause of infectious
morbidity and mortality. It has a natural tropism for the oropharynx and skin, where it causes …

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a strict human pathogen causing
a broad spectrum of diseases and a variety of autoimmune sequelae. The pathogenesis of …