Plant–hummingbird interactions are considered a classic example of coevolution, a process
in which mutually dependent species influence each other's evolution. Plants depend on …

Neotropical ecosystems are renowned for numerous examples of adaptive radiation in both
plants and animals resulting in high levels of biodiversity and endemism. However, we still …

Lengthy debate has surrounded the theoretical and empirical science of whether climatic
niche evolution is related to increased or decreased rates of biological diversification …

Aim The climatic niche is associated with diversification in many groups of animals and
plants. However, the relationships between climatic‐niche breadth evolution, climatic‐niche …

Aim Two classes of mechanisms offer opposing explanations for biodiversity patterns:
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics. While not necessarily mutually exclusive, studies …

The vocal organ of birds, the syrinx, represents a key innovation in the evolutionary history of
vertebrate communication. Three major avian clades: passerines, parrots, and …

A key question about macroevolutionary speciation rates is whether they are controlled by
microevolutionary processes operating at the population level. For example, does spatial …

Although species radiations on island archipelagos are broadly studied, the geographic and
ecological modes of speciation that underlie diversification are often not fully understood …

This chapter reviews the conceptual and methodological issues related to latitudinal and
elevational gradients of species richness at distinct scales. We start with the debates about …

Macroecology is now a successful approach to investigate ecological patterns, providing a
way to look at the natural systems “from a distance.” This scientific perspective focuses on …