Vehicle regulations include limits for non-volatile particle number emissions with sizes larger
than 23 nm. The measurements are conducted with systems that remove the volatile …

Road transport on one hand plays an important role in the world economy and significantly
contributes to the global gross domestic product; on the other hand, it is one of the main …

The current experimental study presents particulate emissions from 30 Euro 1-4 L-category
vehicles (ie 2-, 3-and 4-wheelers such as mopeds, motorcycles, quads and minicars …

We present an exploratory study carried out with a new miniature portable emission
measurement system (Mini-PEMS) specifically designed at the Technical University of …

Air pollution remains a serious concern for European citizens. The relative contribution of
mopeds and motorcycles to air pollution started to increase as the levels from other vehicles …

The scientific literature indicates that solid particle number (SPN) emissions of motorcycles
are usually higher than that of passenger cars. The L-category (eg, mopeds, motorcycles) …

The Euro 5 limits for L-category vehicles are applicable since 2020 and for this reason there
is lack of studies examining the emissions of this category. In this study we tested a 1000 …

The recent Euro 4 and 5 environmental steps for L-category vehicles (eg, mopeds,
motorcycles) were mainly designed to reduce the emissions of particulate matter and ozone …

TNO actualiseert jaarlijks de emissiefactoren voor wegverkeer. Deze emissiefactoren
worden gebruikt in de Emissieregistratie, onder meer ten behoeve van internationale …

In light of a more stringent emission legislation and in anticipation of possible future
measures to further reduce the real environmental impact of motorcycles, it is necessary to …