In ligand bias different agonist drugs are thought to produce distinct signaling outputs when
activating the same receptor. If these signaling outputs mediate therapeutic versus adverse …

Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD), the primary cause of opioid-induced death, is
the neural depression of respiratory drive which, together with a decreased level of …

Breathing is regulated automatically by neural circuits in the medulla to maintain
homeostasis, but breathing is also modified by behavior and emotion. Mice have rapid …

Breathing is vital and must be concurrently robust and flexible. This rhythmic behavior is
generated and maintained within a rostrocaudally aligned set of medullary nuclei called the …

This study provides an in‐depth analysis of the distinct consequences of the opioid drugs
morphine and fentanyl during opioid‐induced respiratory depression (OIRD). We explored …

The current opioid epidemic is one of the most profound public health crises facing the
United States. Despite that it has been under the spotlight for years, available treatments for …

Research on respiratory sinus arrhythmia, or high-frequency heart rate variability (its
frequency-domain equivalent), has been popular in psychology and the behavioral sciences …

Background Physical diseases represent a significant burden for opioid agonist treatment
(OAT) patients. This study described physical morbidity in two national cohorts of OAT …

Opioids are well-known to cause respiratory depression, but despite clinical evidence of
dysphagia, the effects of opioids on swallow excitability and motor pattern are unknown. We …

µ-Opioid receptors (MORs) are responsible for mediating both the analgesic and respiratory
effects of opioid drugs. By binding to MORs in brainstem regions involved in controlling …