Cortical networks are composed of glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons and local
GABAergic inhibitory interneurons that gate signal flow and sculpt network dynamics …

Brodmann has pioneered structural brain mapping. He considered functional and
pathological criteria for defining cortical areas in addition to cytoarchitecture. Starting from …

Human cortex transcriptomic studies have revealed a hierarchical organization of γ-
aminobutyric acid–producing (GABAergic) neurons from subclasses to a high diversity of …

The second half of the past century saw the emergence of a theory of cortical associative
memory function originating in Donald Hebb's hypotheses on activity-dependent synaptic …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older adults.
Neuropathological and imaging studies have demonstrated a progressive and stereotyped …

Cortical interneurons play a crucial role in the functioning of cortical microcircuitry as they
provide inhibitory input to projection (pyramidal) neurons. Despite their involvement in …

Single-cell gene expression analyses of mammalian tissues have uncovered profound
stage-specific molecular regulatory phenomena that have changed the understanding of …

Cortical excitatory glutamatergic projection neurons and inhibitory GABAergic interneurons
follow substantially different developmental programs. In rodents, projection neurons …

An examination of how widely distributed and specialized activities of the brain are flexibly
and effectively coordinated. A fundamental shift is occurring in neuroscience and related …

Recent advances in cell reprogramming enable investigators to generate pluripotent stem
cells from somatic cells. These induced pluripotent cells can subsequently be differentiated …