Adolescence is a time of major plasticity of brain systems that regulate motivated behavior
and cognition, and is also the age of peak onset of nicotine use. Although there has been a …

Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric
and substance use disorders in adulthood. This is in part due to the fact that critical aspects …

Adolescence is an evolutionarily conserved developmental period, with neural circuits and
behaviors contributing to the detection, procurement, and receipt of rewards bearing …

Abstract Background In May 2018, the Secretariat for the World Health Organization
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control convened a meeting to discuss the potential for …

Objective This report reflects a meta-analysis that systematically reviewed the literature on
intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of nicotine in female and male rats. The goal was to …

Abstract Background The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering reducing
nicotine levels in cigarettes to “minimally or non-addictive levels.” However, important …

Epidemiological studies have shown that people who begin experimenting drugs of abuse
during adolescence are more likely to develop substance use disorders, and the earliest is …

Introduction The initiation of nicotine and tobacco use peaks during adolescence. How
adolescent males and females differ based on the acquisition of nicotine use and nicotine …

Introduction Tobacco is highly addictive, and after the development of dependence, it is
difficult to quit smoking. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that play a role in …

Although smoking initiation typically occurs during adolescence, most preclinical studies of
tobacco use involve adult animals. Furthermore, their focus is largely on nicotine alone …