Introduction Microglia is the resident tissue macrophages of the central nervous system.
Prolonged microglial activation often occurs after traumatic brain injury and is associated …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of both acute and long-term
morbidity in the pediatric population, leading to a substantial, long-term socioeconomic …

Background. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes play a critical role in
regenerative medicine. Objective. To determine the dose-and time-dependent efficacy of …

Recent studies have identified neuroinflammation as a significant contributor to the
pathological process of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and as a potentially effective target for …

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is associated with hypoxia-ischemia (HI) induced brain
injury and life-long neurological pathologies. Treatment options are limited. Recently, we …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the leading causes of irreversible neurological
damage and death worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether …

The clinical translation of therapeutic approaches to combat debilitating neurodegenerative
conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), remains as an urgent unmet challenge. The …

The inflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant
secondary brain injury and chronic inflammation within the central nervous system. Cell …

Abstract The Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) is a highly-selective physiologic barrier responsible
for maintaining cerebral homeostasis. Innovative in vitro models of the BBB are needed to …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a profound inflammatory response within the central
nervous system and peripheral immune system, which contributes to secondary brain injury …