The development of multistep nucleation theory has spurred on experimentalists to find
intermediate metastable states that are relevant to the solidification pathway of the molecule …

Interactions between molecular modifiers and crystal surfaces govern numerous processes
and structural outcomes of natural, biological, and synthetic crystallization. An efficient …

Due to the abundance of ice on earth, the phase transition of ice plays crucially important
roles in various phenomena in nature. Hence, the molecular-level understanding of ice …

Atomic-level visualization of the intercalation of layered materials, such as metal
chalcogenides, is of paramount importance in the development of high-performance …

Three-dimensional protein molecule structures are essential for acquiring a deeper insight
of the human genome, and for developing novel protein-based pharmaceuticals. X-ray …

From the latter half of the'90s, many studies of the effects of magnetic fields on protein
crystallization have been carried out. It has been found that the crystallization of proteins …

In this work we studied the kinetics of gypsum crystals growing from aqueous solutions as a
function of temperature and supersaturation. Laser confocal differential interference contrast …

The relative merits and domains of application of three observation techniques (atomic force
microscopy, Michelson interferometry, and laser confocal microscopy with differential …

The crystallization technique where an electric field is applied is an extremely powerful tool
to control the crystallization processes of various materials. In particular, the method with …

The pathway of solute access to the kinks is an issue of unparalleled fundamental
significance that also carries severe consequences for the morphologies, quality, and, utility …