Microorganisms within the gut and other niches may contribute to carcinogenesis, as well as
shaping cancer immunosurveillance and response to immunotherapy. Our understanding of …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers globally. A unique aspect of CRC
is its intimate association with the gut microbiota, which forms an essential part of the tumour …

Somatic mutations in cancer cells can generate tumour-specific neoepitopes, which are
recognized by autologous T cells in the host. As neoepitopes are not subject to central …

The gut microbiota have long been recognized to play a key role in human health and
disease. Currently, several lines of evidence from preclinical to clinical research have …

BACKGROUND Historical accounts linking cancer and microbes date as early as four
millennia ago. After establishment of the germ theory of infectious diseases, clinical research …

Despite the promising advances in novel cancer therapy such as immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs), limitations including therapeutic resistance and toxicity remain. In recent …

Microbial organisms have key roles in numerous physiological processes in the human
body and have recently been shown to modify the response to immune checkpoint …

Our understanding of how the microbiota affects the balance between response to and
failure of cancer treatment by modulating the tumour microenvironment and systemic …

Cancer-specific T cells are required for effective anti-cancer immunity and have a central
role in cancer immunotherapy. However, emerging evidence suggests that only a small …

The cancer–immune dialogue subject to immuno-oncological intervention is profoundly
influenced by microenvironmental factors. Indeed, the mucosal microbiota—and more …