The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in embryonic development.
EMT is also involved in cancer progression and metastasis and it is probable that a common …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) occurs mainly in people older than 50 years of
age. Although great strides have been taken in treating PDAC over the past decades its …

Nodal and Activin belong to the TGF-β superfamily and are important regulators of
embryonic stem cell fate. Here we investigated whether Nodal and Activin regulate self …

In recent years, a significant amount of research has examined the controversial role of
activin A in cancer. Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) …

Activins, cytokine members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, have various
effects on many physiological processes, including cell proliferation, cell death, metabolism …

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are crucial for maintaining normal lung function. They are
abundant in lung cancer tissues, but their pathophysiological significance remains unknown …

Upregulation of N-cadherin in epithelial tumor cells has been shown to contribute to the
invasive/metastatic phenotype. It remains however to be determined whether N-cadherin is …

Background: Activin A is a multi-functional cytokine belonging to the transforming growth
factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily; however, the effect of activin A on angiogenesis remains …

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer in children. While the primary tumor
can often be treated by local or systemic chemotherapy, metastatic dissemination is …

Background Treatment failure for esophageal carcinoma is frequently due to lymph node
metastasis and invasion to neighboring organs. The aim of the present study was to …