The challenges of effective vaccination against influenza are gaining more mainstream
attention, as recent influenza seasons have reported low efficacy in annual vaccination …

The coronavirus family member, SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the causal agent for
the pandemic viral pneumonia disease, COVID-19. At this time, no vaccine is available to …

Transdermal gene delivery holds significant advantages as it is able to minimize the
problems of systemic administration such as enzymatic degradation, systemic toxicity, and …

Intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines via electroporation (ID-EP) has shown clinical
promise, but the use of needle electrodes is typically required to achieve consistent results …

Nucleic acid vaccines are designed based on genetic sequences (DNA or mRNA) of a target
antigen to be expressed in vivo to drive a host immune response. In response to the COVID …

Reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) from latency causes viral shedding that
develops into recurrent genital lesions. The immune mechanisms of protection against …

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a massive medical burden in infants, children and the
elderly worldwide, and an effective, safe RSV vaccine remains an unmet need. Here we …

Following acute herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection, the virus undergoes an
asymptomatic latent infection of sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Chemical …

DNA vaccines delivered using electroporation (EP) have had clinical success, but these EP
methods generally utilize invasive needle electrodes. Here, we demonstrate the delivery …

Recent efforts to develop an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine have focused
on the antigenically conserved tip adhesins of colonization factors. We showed previously …