Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100
years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed mainly to the pentasaccharide sequence …

Lactoferrins are an iron-binding glycoprotein that have important protective roles in the
mammalian body through their numerous functions, which include antimicrobial, antitumor …

Virus‐based immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat tumor. Closely mimicking the
structure and sequential infection processes of natural viruses is highly desirable for …

Animal viruses are parasites of animal cells that have characteristics such as heredity and
replication. Viruses can be divided into non-enveloped and enveloped viruses if a lipid …

Triterpenes are naturally occurring derivatives biosynthesized following the isoprene rule of
Ruzicka. The triterpenes have been reported to possess a wide range of therapeutic …

Virus infection has been one of the main causes of human death since the ancient times.
Even though more and more antiviral drugs have been approved in clinic, long-term use can …

Alkaloids are a diverse group of natural phytochemicals. These phytochemicals in plants
provide them protection against pests, and herbivorous organisms and also control their …

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) encompass a group of glycoproteins composed of
unbranched negatively charged heparan sulfate (HS) chains covalently attached to a core …

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an alpha herpes virus, with two subtypes: HSV-1 and HSV-2.
HSV is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections. It is the cause of severe …

Recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 and-2
initiate virus infection by binding of their spike glycoprotein with the cell-surface receptor …