Cognitive control, the ability to orchestrate behavior in accord with our goals, depends on
the prefrontal cortex. These cognitive functions are heavily influenced by the …

Rewards are crucial objects that induce learning, approach behavior, choices, and
emotions. Whereas emotions are difficult to investigate in animals, the learning function is …

Summary The D1-and D2-dopamine receptors (D1R and D2R), which signal through G s
and G i, respectively, represent the principal stimulatory and inhibitory dopamine receptors …

INTRODUCTION Depression is an episodic form of mental illness, yet the circuit-level
mechanisms driving the induction, remission, and recurrence of depressive episodes over …

Cortical gain regulation allows neurons to respond adaptively to changing inputs. Neural
gain is modulated by internal and external influences, including attentional and arousal …

A variety of cognitive disorders are worsened by stress exposure and involve dysfunction of
the newly evolved prefrontal cortex (PFC). Exposure to acute, uncontrollable stress …

Attention is critical to high-level cognition and attention deficits are a hallmark of neurologic
and neuropsychiatric disorders. Although years of research indicates that distinct …

The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and
yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper …

The neural correlates of optimal states for signal detection task performance are largely
unknown. One hypothesis holds that optimal states exhibit tonically depolarized cortical …

The assessment and prediction of cognitive performance is a key issue for any discipline
concerned with human operators in the context of safety-critical behavior. Most of the …