The role of androgen receptor (AR) activation and expression is well understood in prostate
cancer. In breast cancer, expression and activation of AR is increasingly recognized for its …

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling exerts an antiestrogenic, growth-inhibitory influence in
normal breast tissue, and this role may be sustained in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive …

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. The high incidence of
breast cancer, which is continuing to rise, makes treatment a significant challenge. The PI3K …

Animal models of cancer have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the
biology of tumor initiation and progression, in studying gene function and in performing …

Androgen receptor (AR, a member of the steroid hormone receptor family) status has
become increasingly important as both a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target …

Biomarkers can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction in targeted therapy. The
estrogen receptor α (ERα) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are …

The gonadotropin FSH plays a key role in the control of Sertoli cell function. The FSH
molecular mechanism of action is best recognized for its stimulation of the adenylyl …

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of
cancer-related mortality in women. Androgen receptor (AR) is frequently expressed in …

The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in the majority of breast cancer and across the
three main breast cancer subtypes. Historically, the oncogenic role of AR has best been …

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a major player in the survival and
proliferation of tumour cells and is overexpressed in up to 30% of breast cancer cases. A …