Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to the
development of many age-related diseases, including vascular disease. The world's …

Numerous studies have documented increases in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs),
specifically MMP-9 levels following stroke, with such perturbations associated with …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), constituted by an extensive network of endothelial cells (ECs)
together with neurons and glial cells, including microglia, forms the neurovascular unit …

Abstract Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most frequent cause of death and disability in
young adults and children in the developed world, occurring in over 1.7 million persons and …

Compelling evidence from basic molecular biology has demonstrated the dual roles of
microglia in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). On one hand, microglia are …

Brain edema is a potentially fatal pathological state that occurs after brain injuries such as
stroke and head trauma. In the edematous brain, excess accumulation of extracellular fluid …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is formed by tightly connected cerebrovascular endothelial
cells, but its normal function also depends on paracrine interactions between the brain …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability,
contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most lethal stroke subtypes. Despite the high
morbidity and mortality associated with ICH, its pathophysiology has not been investigated …

The susceptibility of the brain to ischaemic injury dramatically limits its viability following
interruptions in blood flow. However, data from studies of dissociated cells, tissue …