The development of chronic pain is considered a major complication after surgery. Basic
science research in animal models helps us understand the transition from acute to chronic …

While chronic pain is considered by some to be a CNS disease, little is understood about
underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Addiction models have heuristic value in this …

Objectives: This review presents and discusses basic science findings and scientific
evidence generated within the last 2 decades in the field of acute postoperative pain …

Increasing predictability of animal models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has
required active collaboration between clinical and preclinical scientists. Modeling PTSD is …

Stress is the main cause of mood disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress
disorder. Individuals respond to stress differently, as some develop depressive symptoms …

Neuropathic pain (NP) is pain caused by damage to the somatosensory system. It is a
common progressive neurodegenerative disease that usually presents with clinical features …

The chronic social defeat stress model has been instrumental in shaping our understanding
of neurobiology relevant to affect-related illnesses, including major depressive disorder …

Migraine is one of the most disabling neurological diseases worldwide; however, the
mechanisms underlying migraine headache are still not fully understood and current …

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of the present investigation is to provide a
comprehensive review of both patient and procedure specific predictors of acute …

Hyperalgesia is an exaggerated response to noxious stimuli produced by peripheral or
central plasticity. Stress modifies nociception, and humans with post-traumatic stress …