Immunological niches are focal sites of immune activity that can have varying
microenvironmental features. Hypoxia is a feature of physiological and pathological …

The gastrointestinal tract is a highly proliferative and regenerative tissue. The intestine also
harbors a large and diverse microbial population collectively called the gut microbiome …

Interactions between the microbiota and distal gut are fundamental determinants of human
health. Such interactions are concentrated at the colonic mucosa and provide energy for the …

The hypoxic response in cells and tissues is mediated by the family of hypoxia-inducible
factor (HIF) transcription factors; these play an integral role in the metabolic changes that …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control transcriptional responses to reduced O2 availability.
HIFs are heterodimeric proteins composed of an O2-regulated HIF-α subunit and a …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are highly conserved transcription factors that are crucial for
adaptation of metazoans to limited oxygen availability. Recently, HIF activation and …

Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are shown to be protective
in several models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, these non-selective …

The concept that chemokines, cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators act in a co-
ordinated fashion to drive the initiation of the inflammatory reaction is well understood. The …

This review deals with emerging evidence of an association between systemic or local
hypoxia and inflammation in a variety of diseases. The evidence points to new ways of …

Synovial proliferation, neovascularization and leukocyte extravasation transform the
normally acellular synovium into an invasive tumour-like'pannus'. The highly dysregulated …