Following an acute COVID-19 infection, a large number of patients experience persisting
symptoms for more than four weeks, a condition now classified as Long-COVID syndrome …

Astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, are integral to sleep regulation. In the
context of a healthy neural environment, these glial cells exert a profound influence on the …

Background and Objectives Chronic inflammation may contribute to cognitive dysfunction
and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) and …

Background Many clinical studies have shown a correlation between plasma cortisol and
neurological disorders. This study explored the causal relationship between plasma cortisol …

Growing evidence has demonstrated that fatigue and a high-fat diet trigger diarrhea, and
intestinal microbiota disorder interact with diarrhea. However, the association of intestinal …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease affecting the
brain and spinal cord. Fatigue is a common disabling symptom from MS onset, however the …

(1) Multiple sclerosis (MS) is identified by a complex interaction between central
inflammation and neurodegeneration. Genetic individual variability could play a significative …

The central nervous system (CNS) is finely protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB).
Immune soluble factors such as cytokines (CKs) are normally produced in the CNS …

Proinflammatory cytokines are implicated in promoting neurodegeneration in multiple
sclerosis (MS) by affecting excitatory and inhibitory transmission at central synapses …

Introduction The visual system is a prominent site of damage in MS since the earliest phases
of the disease. Altered low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) test has been associated with …