Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Waste clearance (WC) is an essential process for brain homeostasis, which is required for
the proper and healthy functioning of all cerebrovascular and parenchymal brain cells. This …

Glia play crucial roles in the development and homeostasis of the nervous system. While the
GLIA in the Drosophila embryo have been well characterized, their study in the adult …

The biogenic amine, histamine, has been shown to critically modulate inflammatory
processes as well as the properties of neurons and synapses in the brain, and is also …

Glial cells are an essential component of the nervous system of vertebrates and
invertebrates. In the human brain, glia are as numerous as neurons, yet the importance of …

The ability to perceive geomagnetic fields (GMFs) represents a fascinating biological
phenomenon. Studies on transgenic flies have provided evidence that photosensitive …

The shape of an animal body plan is constructed from protein components encoded by the
genome. However, bioelectric networks composed of many cell types have their own …

As the nervous system evolved from the diffused to centralised form, the neurones were
joined by the appearance of the supportive cells, the neuroglia. Arguably, these non …

Gap junctions (GJs) are aqueous channels that allow cells to communicate via physiological
signals directly. The role of gap junctional connectivity in determining single‐cell functions …

Glial cells are the most abundant cells of the brain, outnumbering neurons. These
multifunctional cells are crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis by providing trophic and …