Calcium is one of the most important plasma constituents in mammals and birds. It provides
structural strength and support (bones and eggshell) and plays vital roles in many of the …

Brazil. Vet Parasitol 129: 169–172, 2005. and weigh up to 38 kg. Despite the size
differences among species, all penguins share several unique anatomic features. 1. The …

As knowledge of husbandry has improved with the keeping of wild animals in zoos over the
last 200 years, so longevity has also improved, bringing with it challenges owing to the …

Penguins are flightless seabirds with unique anatomy. Although susceptible to a wide range
of diseases, aspergillosis and avian malaria dominate captive mortalities, whereas …

Objectives To assess manifestations of metabolic bone disease (MBD) and their potential
environmental and phenotypic factors in captive and non‐captive baboon (Papio spp.) …

Hypocalcemic-induced seizure activity is a clinical entity that is commonly diagnosed in
neurologic African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). Plasma calcium levels are typically less …

Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) have historically had markedly inverted calcium:
phosphorous (Ca: P) ratios on prerelease plasma biochemistries at a rehabilitation center in …

Necropsy (n= 144) and medical (n= 121) records of captive northern bald ibis (NBI;
Geronticus eremita), African sacred ibis (ASI; Threskiornis aethiopicus), and scarlet ibis (SCI; …

Metabolic bone disease (MBD) was diagnosed in two chicks produced by a captive
breeding colony of African spoonbills (Platalea alba). The birds were housed indoor during …

Accurate, timely, and cost-effective blood chemistry analysis is an essential tool for directing
emergency treatment, monitoring the health status of captive and free-ranging individuals …