▪ Abstract Glucose is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is the major energy source
for many cells, which depend on the bloodstream for a steady supply. Blood glucose levels …

Pancreatic β-cells are finely tuned to secrete insulin so that plasma glucose levels are
maintained within a narrow physiological range (3.5-5.5 mmol/L). Hyperinsulinaemic …

Nutrient metabolism was examined with regard to insulin secretion in purified rat islet beta-
and non-beta-cells, beta-cell lines, and hepatocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity …

The glucokinase (GCK) gene was one of the first candidate genes to be identified as a
human “diabetes gene". Subsequently, important advances were made in understanding the …

Conversion of glucose into glycogen is a major pathway that contributes to the removal of
glucose from the portal vein by the liver in the postprandial state. It is regulated in part by the …

Long-chain fatty acids synthesized de novo from acetyl CoA are essential for energy
balance, membrane biosynthesis, and other specialized functions. In humans and other …

Nutrient homeostasis is known to be regulated by pancreatic islet tissue. The function of islet
β-cells is controlled by a glucose sensor that operates at physiological glucose …

I. Introduction A LARGE number of retrospective and prospective studies have documented
that chronic hyperglycemia is closely linked to diabetic microvascular complications …

Glucokinase (GK) serves as glucose sensor in pancreatic β-cells and in other glucose
sensor cells in the body. Biochemical genetic studies have characterized many activating …

The transfer of a phosphoryl moiety from ATP to an acceptor group is an essential step,
frequently the initial step, in the metabolism of many molecules. Hence, kinases represent a …