It is commonly accepted that some of the latest dates for Neanderthal fossils and Mousterian
industries are found south of the Ebro valley in Iberia at ca. 36 ka calBP (calibrated …

This paper provides a background to Neanderthal presence in Western Mediterranean
Europe. Habitual tool-use underpinned human survival in late Early Pleistocene western …

The sequence of Orgnac 3 in southern Europe is dated to MIS 9 and the beginning of MIS 8.
The site contains records of Upper Acheulian occupations with evidence of Middle …

Bone retouchers are more common during the Middle Palaeolithic (from MIS 7 to 3) and are
now considered as a part of the tool kit of Neanderthals. In Middle Pleistocene and Lower …

The nature of the Lower–Middle Palaeolithic transition has been one of the most debated
questions in early Prehistory since the mid-20th century. The root of these debates lies …

Previous studies have suggested that the Lower-to-Middle Paleolithic transition was
associated with the earliest Neanderthals, but recent research has established that the …

The beginning of the Middle Palaeolithic in Western Europe is traditionally associated with
the emergence of new, more complex and standardised debitage technologies, such as …

Refined radio-isotopic dating techniques have been applied to Orgnac 3, a Late Acheulean
and Early Middle Palaeolithic site in France. Evidence of Levallois core technology …

The UA 25 archaeostratigraphic unit of Lazaret cave is an exceptional Acheulean
occupation level with abundant lithic and bone material and reveals a clear organization of …

In southeastern France, many Final Acheulean/Early Middle Palaeolithic and Middle
Palaeolithic assemblages have yielded bone retouchers. The oldest are dated to the Middle …