Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are one of the most widespread and heterogeneous
organic contaminants affecting marine ecosystems. The contamination of marine sediments …

Currently, efforts are being made to utilize more natural biological systems as alternatives as
a way to replace fossil forms of carbon. There is a growing concern at global level to have …

Intertidal microbial communities occur as biofilms or microphytobenthos (MPB) which are
sediment-attached assemblages of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, diatoms embedded in …

The buildup of organic and inorganic pollutants in the various ecosystems due to intensive
anthropogenic activity causes serious problems to the environment as well the organisms in …

In an era of rising population density and industrialization, the environment confronts
growing challenges. Soil, agricultural land, and water bodies are becoming increasingly …

The terms biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers have often been used interchangeably to
describe surface active biomolecules. However, there are marked differences between the …

The pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sea is an increasingly widespread
international problem that threatens the environment and human health. At present, there …

Phototrophic and photoheterotrophic microbial biofilms and mats are characterized by its
abundant microbial diversity and unique properties in consortia functional populations …

Biosurfactants are surface active compounds produced by a great diversity of
microorganisms. They act by lowering the surface tension at the interfaces of solid, liquid …

Cyanobacteria are one of the earliest inhabitants of Earth and they contribute towards
biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nitrogen. Cyanobacteria have the capability of …