We report on a novel scenario of subauroral arcs within strong subauroral ion drifts (SAID)‐
STEVE and Picket Fence. Their explanation requires a local source of low‐energy, ε< 18.75 …

Ionospheric conductance plays an important role in regulating the response of the
magnetosphere‐ionosphere system to solar wind driving. Typically, models of …

Electric fields map from the magnetosphere to the E region ionosphere where they drive the
intense currents of the auroral electrojet. Particularly during geomagnetic storms and …

High‐latitude Joule heating is an important energy source for thermospheric dynamics and
composition. It is influenced by winds, plasma turbulence, variable electric fields, and …

Strong thermal emission velocity enhancement (STEVE) is an optical phenomenon of the
subauroral ionosphere arising from extreme ion drift speeds. STEVE consists of two distinct …

The subauroral ion drift (SAID) denotes a latitudinally narrow channel of fast westward ion
drift in the subauroral region, often observed during geomagnetically disturbed intervals …

Numerous radar observations demonstrate anomalously strong electron heating in polar
electrojets during magnetic storms. The effect often correlates with the onset of the Farley …

Global magnetospheric MHD codes using ionospheric conductances based on laminar
models systematically overestimate the cross–polar cap potential during storm time by up to …

This article presents measurements of electron heating in the high‐latitude E region during
rare, extreme convection electric fields (up to 160 mV/m). As inferred from the merged …

Stimulated by recent observations described in a companion paper, we have revisited
existing theories of the Farley‐Buneman instability throughout the altitude range 90 to 125 …