Sharp wave ripples (SPW‐Rs) represent the most synchronous population pattern in the
mammalian brain. Their excitatory output affects a wide area of the cortex and several …

CLC anion transporters are found in all phyla and form a gene family of eight members in
mammals. Two CLC proteins, each of which completely contains an ion translocation …

GABAergic inhibition shapes the connectivity, activity and plasticity of the brain. A series of
exciting new discoveries provides compelling evidence that disruptions in a number of key …

Electrical activity in neurons requires a seamless functional coupling between
plasmalemmal ion channels and ion transporters. Although ion channels have been studied …

Many human spinal cord injuries are anatomically incomplete but exhibit complete paralysis.
It is unknown why spared axons fail to mediate functional recovery in these cases. To …

GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that counterbalances excitation in the mature
brain. The inhibitory action of GABA relies on the inflow of chloride ions (Cl−), which …

Optogenetic silencing allows time-resolved functional interrogation of defined neuronal
populations. However, the limitations of inhibitory optogenetic tools impose stringent …

In the immature brain, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is excitatory, and GABA-releasing
synapses are formed before glutamatergic contacts in a wide range of species and …

This review presents a brief overview of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the
developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) and its potential connections to …

Modern pain-control theory predicts that a loss of inhibition (disinhibition) in the dorsal horn
of the spinal cord is a crucial substrate for chronic pain syndromes. However, the nature of …