Simple Summary Monitoring the welfare of cattle and sheep in large pastures can be time-
consuming, especially if the animals are scattered over large areas in semi-natural pastures …

Over the past four decades the dietary needs of the global population have been elevated,
with increased consumption of animal products predominately due to the advancing …

Abstract Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) is potentially one of the most powerful
developments amongst a number of interesting new and upcoming technologies that have …

This paper is concerned with the application of wireless sensor network (WSN) technology
to long-duration and large-scale environmental monitoring. The holy grail is a system that …

Grazing plays an important role in milk production in most regions of the world. In this
review, some challenges to the grazing cow are discussed together with opportunities for …

A large-scale, outdoor pervasive computing system uses static and animal-borne nodes to
measure the state of a complex system comprising climate, soil, pasture, and animals …

Precision agriculture (PA) is an innovative, integrated and internationally standardized
approach aiming to increase the efficiency of resource use and to reduce the uncertainty of …

Maximizing annual pasture consumption without negatively impacting individual cow
performance is of great importance in grass-based dairy and beef systems due to pasture …

Simple Summary Virtual fences provide boundaries without physical barriers. Virtual fencing
systems utilise a collar and GPS technology for tracking animals and delivering audio …

A virtual fence can be defined as a structure serving as an enclosure, a barrier, or a
boundary without a physical barrier. The concept of virtual fencing occurs increasingly in …