Swarm intelligence (SI) algorithms, including ant colony optimization, particle swarm
optimization, bee-inspired algorithms, bacterial foraging optimization, firefly algorithms, fish …

Abstract The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a typical combinatorial optimization problem
and has been studied for many years. However, there are few researches on the Dynamic …

Optimization problems especially in a dynamic environment is a hot research area that has
attracted notable attention in the past decades. It is clear from the dynamic optimization …

The dynamic traveling salesman problem (DTSP) is significant in logistics distribution in real-
world applications in smart cities, but it is uncertain and difficult to solve. This paper …

This paper presents a detailed study of the discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm
(DPSO) applied to solve the dynamic traveling salesman problem which has many practical …

Combinatorial optimization problems are usually modeled in a static fashion. In this kind of
problems, all data are known in advance, ie before the optimization process has started …

This paper proposes a novel approach in finding an optimal solution for vehicle routing. The
intention here is to find the shortest time path between different points. Dijkstra's algorithm is …

Growing concerns about the environment, energy dependency, and unstable fuel prices
have increased the market share of electric vehicles. This has led to an increased demand …

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been shown an effective optimization tool since it
was proposed. Due to the efficiency of locating optima, it has been widely applied to solve …

With the widespread use of the Internet of things, security for IoT is getting more attention.
Traditional security mechanisms will not work efficiently in the complex IoT environment …