Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease
characterized by musculoskeletal inflammation (arthritis, enthesitis, spondylitis, and …

Christopher R. Holroyd1, Rakhi Seth1, Marwan Bukhari2, Anshuman Malaviya3, Claire
Holmes1, Elizabeth Curtis4, Christopher Chan1, Mohammed A. Yusuf3, Anna Litwic4, 5 …

The emergence of data from clinical trials of biologics, the approval of new biologics, and
our improved understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis have increased the therapeutic …

Background Biological therapy is currently widely used to treat IBD. Infliximab, adalimumab
and golimumab are currently licensed anti‐TNF therapies. Biosimilar anti‐TNF monoclonal …

Importance Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are common therapies for certain
autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. An association between TNF inhibitor …

Opioid tolerance and the potential for addiction is a significant burden associated with pain
management, yet its precise underlying mechanism and prevention remain elusive. Immune …

Each year, over 50 million Americans suffer from persistent pain, including debilitating
headaches, joint pain, and severe back pain. Although morphine is amongst the most …

Biotechnological monoclonal antibodies and receptor antagonists capable of targeting
specific inflammatory actors, such as cytokines, cytokines receptors, co-stimulatory …

Biologic agents have substantially advanced the treatment of immunological disorders,
including chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, these drugs are often …

The recent introduction of biological agents has revolutionized the treatment of chronic
immune-inflammatory diseases; however, this new therapy did not come without significant …