Lotka's seminal work (Lotka AJ, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 6 (1920) 410)" on certain
rhythmic relations" is already one hundred years old, but the research activity about pattern …

Using reputation and payoff fusion information as a strategy update rule has been
demonstrated to improve the level of cooperation. Individuals with relatively high reputations …

According to the fundamental principle of evolutionary game theory, the more successful
strategy in a population should spread. Hence, during a strategy imitation process a player …

Cooperation is the cornerstone of human evolutionary success. Like no other species, we
champion the sacrifice of personal benefits for the common good, and we work together to …

Social exclusion, as a special form of punishment, can effectively promote cooperation in
spatial public goods game (SPGG). Previous research usually assumes that the unit cost of …

In reality, most individuals are prone to vary strategies when interacting with their
counterparts; thus, it is highly likely that different strategies will be applied when confronting …

The popularity of each individual in a realistic social system adaptively changes within a
population. In this paper, we propose the coevolution of popularity and strategy and explore …

The coexistence of different populations has recently been confirmed to be a simple yet
effective mechanism to understand the stability of cooperation. Based on this intuition, we …

Memory normally plays an important role when investigating the collective behaviours in
real world. Each rational player can get a more reasonable strategy by comprehensively …

Over the past decade, inequality has become one of the most complex and troubling
challenges in the global economy. Many scientists are determined to eliminate inequality to …