A well-established field of research in vertebrates focuses on the variability of cognitive
abilities within species. From mammals to fish, numerous studies have revealed remarkable …

Highlights•Invertebrates representing 98% of all species are neglected in personality
research.•The lack of data confines comparative analyses to unravel personality evolution.• …

Simple Summary Temperament can be understood as an animal's individuality or character.
In addition, the terms 'personality'and 'individual differences' has also been reported. This …

Examining the relevance of 'animal personality'involves linking consistent among-and within-
individual behavioural variation to fitness in the wild. Studies aiming to do this typically …

Personality is at the forefront of current behavioral ecological research. Most research
concerns boldness, aggressiveness, activity, exploratory tendency, and sociability. However …

The importance of genes in regulating phenotypic variation of personality traits in humans
and animals is becoming increasingly apparent in recent studies. Here we focus on variation …

Introduction: Behavioural traits can differ considerably between individuals, and such
differences were found to be consistent over the lifetime of an organism in several species …

A burgeoning literature in animal behavior has demonstrated that most animals exhibit
consistent individual variation in core behavioral traits or personality. However, the …

The existence of personalities has been explored in various invertebrates, but a
comprehensive investigation of personality differences across individuals in a eusocial …

Despite a recent surge in the popularity of animal personality studies and their wide-ranging
associations with various aspects of behavioural ecology, our understanding of the …