The major increase in discharge duration and plasma energy in a next step DT fusion
reactor will give rise to important plasma-material effects that will critically influence its …

In addition to the operational limits imposed by MHD stability on plasma current and
pressure, an independent limit on plasma density is observed in confined toroidal plasmas …

Progress, since the ITER Physics Basis publication (ITER Physics Basis Editors et al 1999
Nucl. Fusion 39 2137–2664), in understanding the processes that will determine the …

Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady state divertor operation. The required detached
operation is, in tokamaks with metal walls, usually achieved by seeding of impurities, such …

Observations of divertor plasma detachment in tokamaks are reviewed. Plasma detachment
is characterized in terms of transport and dissipation of power, momentum and particle flux …

The basic physics of the processes playing the most important role in divertor plasma
detachment is reviewed. The models used in the two-dimensional edge plasma transport …

Future fusion reactors require a safe, steady state divertor operation. A possible solution for
the power exhaust challenge is the detached divertor operation in scenarios with high …

Impurity seeding into a tokamak divertor for radiative cooling is considered as a tool for
achieving detached/semi-detached regimes required to meet the condition of acceptable …

Feedback control of the divertor power load by means of nitrogen seeding has been
developed into a routine operational tool in the all-tungsten clad ASDEX Upgrade tokamak …

Divertor detachment may be essential to reduce heat loads to magnetic fusion tokamak
reactor divertor surfaces. Yet in experiments it is difficult to control the extent of the detached …