Between the 1930s and 50s, evolutionary biologists developed a successful theory of why
organisms age, firmly rooted in population genetic principles. By the 1980s the evolution of …

The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, also called the BM niche, is essential for the
maintenance of fully functional blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) throughout life. Under …

We apply the theory of learning to physically renormalizable systems in an attempt to outline
a theory of biological evolution, including the origin of life, as multilevel learning. We …

Biological systems reach hierarchical complexity that has no counterpart outside the realm
of biology. Undoubtedly, biological entities obey the fundamental physical laws. Can today's …

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are used in cell therapies, however cellular senescence
increases heterogeneity of cell populations and leads to uncertainty in therapies' outcomes …

Parrondo's paradox, in which losing strategies can be combined to produce winning
outcomes, has received much attention in mathematics and the physical sciences; a …

Aging involves seemingly paradoxical changes in energy metabolism. Molecular damage
accumulation increases cellular energy expenditure, yet whole-body energy expenditure …

Aging is often attributed to the detrimental side effects of beneficial traits but not a
programmed adaptive process. Alternatively, the pathogen control hypothesis posits that …

Parrondo's paradox refers to the paradoxical phenomenon of combining two losing
strategies in a certain manner to obtain a winning outcome. It has been applied to uncover …

Introduction: Aging is an unavoidable process in the body that is accompanied by impaired
tissue homeostasis and various changes. Carvacrol has attracted considerable attention for …