Agriculture is an important source of human food. However, current agricultural practices
need modernizing and strengthening to fulfill the increasing food requirements of the …

Plant natural products (PNPs) are the main sources of drugs, food additives, and new
biofuels and have become a hotspot in synthetic biology. In the past two decades, the …

Plant natural products (PNPs) are specialized metabolites with diverse bioactivities. They
are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries. PNPs are …

Plant-based biosynthesis of fuels, chemicals, and materials promotes environmental
sustainability, which includes decreases in greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and …

The major challenges that agriculture is facing in the twenty-first century are increasing
droughts, water scarcity, flooding, poorer soils, and extreme temperatures due to climate …

Plant cells contain three organelles that harbor DNA: the nucleus, plastids, and
mitochondria. Plastid transformation has emerged as an attractive platform for the …

RNA interference (RNAi)-based biopesticides are novel biologic products, developed using
RNAi principles. They are engineered to target genes of agricultural diseases, insects, and …

Sustainable and economically viable support for an ever-increasing global population
requires a paradigm shift in agricultural productivity, including the application of …

Plants are constantly facing abiotic and biotic stresses. To continue to thrive in their
environment, they have developed many sophisticated mechanisms to perceive these …

Plastid engineering offers the potential to carry multigene traits in plants; however, it requires
reliable genetic parts to balance expression. The difficulty of chloroplast transformation and …