Gut microbiota encompasses a wide variety of commensal microorganisms consisting of
trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbial population coexists in symbiosis with …

The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this
level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal …

The gastrointestinal tract is a highly proliferative and regenerative tissue. The intestine also
harbors a large and diverse microbial population collectively called the gut microbiome …

Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bacterial fermentation products, which are chemically
composed by a carboxylic acid moiety and a small hydrocarbon chain. Among them, acetic …

Commensal interactions between the enteric microbiota and distal intestine play important
roles in regulating human health. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate …

The intestinal epithelium forms a highly dynamic and selective barrier that controls
absorption of fluid and solutes while restricting pathogen access to underlying tissues …

The interaction between host and external environment mainly occurs in the gastrointestinal
tract, where the mucosal barrier has a critical role in many physiologic functions ranging …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative
colitis (UC), are intimately associated with inflammation and overproduction of reactive …

In recent years, the intestinal mucosa has proven to be an intriguing organ to study tissue
oxygenation. The highly vascularized lamina propria juxtaposed to an anaerobic lumen …

Altered intestinal permeability plays a role in many pathological conditions. Intestinal
permeability is a component of the intestinal barrier. This barrier is a dynamic interface …