Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by chronically
elevated glucose caused by insulin resistance. Although T2DM is manageable through …

Systemic photobiomodulation (PBM) of the blood or over blood vessels has been associated
with bio-stimulating, vasodilating, and anti-inflammatory properties. This treatment modality …

Incompletely treated major depressive disorder (MDD) poses an enormous global health
burden. Conventional treatment for MDD consists of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the greatest factors undermining global health
and is considered a financial burden for health systems. 1 Depression is the leading cause …

Introduction Neuropathic pain (NP) significantly impacts quality of life and often coexists with
affective disorders such as anxiety and depression. Addressing both NP and its psychiatric …

Peripheral neuropathy is a complication of diabetes commonly associated with pain and
decline in motor compound action potential, leading to alterations in plantar pressure during …

Introduction Diabetes is a global health concern characterized by chronic hyperglycemia
resulting from insulinopenia and/or insulin resistance. The rising prevalence of diabetes and …

Several recent studies have established the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT)
in painful clinical conditions. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) can be related to activating mitogen …

Vision impairment caused by diabetic retinopathy (DR) is often irreversible, making early‐
stage diagnosis imperative. Raman spectroscopy emerges as a powerful tool, capable of …

Gouty arthritis is an inflammatory disease that triggers symptoms such as pain, swelling, and
joint stiffness. Since its main therapy is medication, research on other forms of treatment that …