West Nile virus (WNV), the most widely distributed virus of the encephalitic flaviviruses, is a
vector-borne pathogen of global importance. The transmission cycle exists in rural and …

Abiotic and biotic conditions are both important determinants of West Nile Fever (WNF)
epidemiology. Ambient temperature plays an important role in the growth rates of vector …

Models of the effects of environmental factors on West Nile virus disease risk have yielded
conflicting outcomes. The role of precipitation has been especially difficult to discern from …

Abstract In North America, the geographic distribution, ecology, and vectorial capacity of a
diverse assemblage of mosquito species belonging to the genus Culex determine patterns …

Abstract Background West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen of global public
health importance. Transmission of WNV is determined by abiotic and biotic factors. The …

Background The effects of weather on West Nile virus (WNV) mosquito populations in the
United States have been widely reported, but few studies assess their overall impact on …

Abstract Background West Nile virus infection in humans in urban areas of the Midwestern
United States has exhibited strong spatial clustering during epidemic years. We derived …

Highlights•West Nile virus (WNV) is the most geographically widespread arbovirus in the
world.•Culex spp. are primarily responsible for enzootic transmission to birds and human …

Abstract Background West Nile virus (WNV) emerged as a threat to public and veterinary
health in the Midwest United States in 2001 and continues to cause significant morbidity and …

Mosquito populations are sensitive to long-term variations in climate and short-term
variations in weather. Mosquito abundance is a key determinant of outbreaks of mosquito …