Recent discoveries demonstrate a critical role for circadian rhythms and sleep in immune
system homeostasis. Both innate and adaptive immune responses—ranging from leukocyte …

Forkhead box protein 3-expressing (FOXP3+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) suppress
conventional T cells and are essential for immunological tolerance. FOXP3, the master …

Alterations of symbiosis between microbiota and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are
associated with intestinal and systemic pathologies. Interactions between bacterial products …

Natural killer (NK) cells survey host tissues for signs of infection, transformation or stress
and, true to their name, kill target cells that have become useless or are detrimental to the …

An intrinsic clock enables an organism to anticipate environmental changes and use energy
sources more efficiently, thereby conferring an adaptive advantage. Having an intrinsic clock …

Natural killer (NK) cells are a subset of lymphocytes crucial for innate immunity and
modification of adaptive immune responses. In contrast to commitment to the T cell or B cell …

Introduction Discrimination of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients from patients with other
inflammatory or degenerative joint diseases or healthy individuals purely on the basis of …

The immune system is built to counteract unpredictable threats, yet it relies on predictable
cycles of activity to function properly. Daily rhythms in immune function are an expanding …

Circadian rhythms control the life of virtually all organisms. They regulate numerous aspects
ranging from cellular processes to reproduction and behavior. Besides the light-dark cycle …

The immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) is expressed mainly by T helper type 2
(TH2) cells but also by TH1 cells during chronic infection. Here we observed plasticity in the …