Conifers have evolved different chemical and anatomical defences against a wide range of
antagonists. Resin ducts produce, store and translocate oleoresin, a complex terpenoid …

Fusarium circinatum is a highly virulent invasive pathogen that causes the disease
commonly known as pine pitch canker (PPC). On mature trees, the most common symptoms …

Pine trees produce large amounts of oleoresin to defend against biotic threats. Resin is
highly costly to produce and investment in its production must be accurately optimized in …

The cost of plant reproduction or defence at the expense of other fitness traits is a central
component of life history theory. Yet the three central resource allocation pathways of …

Resistance to herbivores and pathogens is considered a key plant trait with strong adaptive
value in trees, usually involving high concentrations of a diverse array of plant secondary …

The pine wilt disease (PWD), for which no effective treatment is available at the moment, is a
constant threat to Pinus spp. plantations worldwide, being responsible for significant …

Resin ducts are important anatomical defensive traits related to biotic resistance in conifers.
Previous studies have reported intraspecific genetic variation in resin duct characteristics …

Intraspecific variation in plant defences is expected to be the result of adaptive and plastic
responses to environmental conditions, where trade-offs between growth and defences are …

The pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus
xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) Nickle, is one of the most serious threats to pine forests …

Introduction and main objective Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, commonly known as pine
wood nematode (PWN), is considered one of the greatest threats to European and Asian …